Geographic information systems

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A geographic information system is a systematized set of hardware, software, personnel and geographic data that are designed to promptly input, store, update, process, analyze and visualize data of all types of geographically organized information.

Each GIS consists of the following components:

hardware platform
software
data
personnel

Geographic information systems and GIS technology combine computer mapping and database management systems. The concept of GIS technology is to form a multi-layered electronic map, the initial layer of which describes the geography of the territory, and each of the remaining layers represents one aspect of the state of the territory.

The main functions of GIS:

Acquisition, accumulation and spatial modeling of information.
Digitizing maps and aerial photographs.
Construction of objects.
Geometric conditions.
Laying and smoothing lines.
Data transformation.
Data processing and classification.
Means of communication with various data presentation standards.
Tools for linking to thematic database.
Geodata processing and exploration.
Data retrieval by various criteria.
Creating zones.
Interpolation and generalization.
Statistics.
Spatial graph modeling.
Graphical data transfer.
Graphical and digital output.
Image generalization.
Creation of drawings.

Geographic information systems reveal the wealth of information contained in simple addresses, tables, and other data describing places. GIS facilitates the process of data management, analysis, and decision making and thus provides the basis for combining records, customer demographics, and sales statistics with spatial data to make sense of places. GIS is the foundation of an effective resource monitoring, activity tracking, and customer experience system.

Some of the major industries in which GIS is used include:

Urban and regional planning
Economic development
Emergency and disaster management
Legislation
Oil and gas industry
Roads and highways, transportation

Education, election services, and health care
In conclusion, GIS is the latest type of integrated information system, which is currently used in various fields. This system meets the requirements of the global informatization of society. GIS is a system that contributes to the solution of managerial and economic problems based on the means and methods of informatization.